New Jewel Movement

New Joint Endeavor for Welfare, Education, and Liberation
New Joint Endeavor for Welfare, Education, and Liberation
Abbreviation	New JEWEL Movement
Leader	Maurice Bishop
Founded	11 March 1973
Dissolved	29 October 1983
Merger of	Joint Endeavor for Welfare, Education, and Liberation (JEWEL); Organization for Revolutionary Education and Liberation (OREL); Movement for Assemblies of the People (MAP);
Succeeded by	Maurice Bishop Patriotic Movement
Newspaper	The New Jewel
Military wing	People's Revolutionary Army
Ideology	Communism; Marxism–Leninism; Revolutionary socialism; Left-wing populism; Pan-Africanism; Anti-colonialism;
Political position	Far-left
National affiliation	People's Alliance (1976)
Colours	Red and white; Red, green and gold (Rastafari colours, only occasionally);
Slogan	"Forward ever, backward never!; (French: En avant jambes, en arrière jamais!)
	Politics of Grenada; Political parties; Elections;

The New Joint Endeavor for Welfare, Education, and Liberation, or New JEWEL Movement (NJM), was a Marxist–Leninist vanguard party in the Caribbean island nation of Grenada that was led by Maurice Bishop.

Established in 1973, the NJM issued its manifesto prior to the granting of independence to Grenada in 1974.^[3] The movement took control of the country with a successful bloodless revolution in 1979 and ruled by decree as the People's Revolutionary Government until 1983. In 1983, Bishop was killed by paramilitaries affiliated with hard-liners in his own party. This led to a military government, which was deposed by the US military in a 1983 invasion.

^ Schoenhals, Kai P.; Melanson, Richard A. (1985). Revolution and intervention in Grenada: the New Jewel movement, the United States, and the Caribbean. Boulder: Westview press. p. 33. ISBN 0-8133-0225-0. identifying symbol of the NJM revolution appeared everywhere: a white flag containing a red disc.
^ Pool, Gail R. (1994). "Culture, Language and Revolution in Grenada". Anthropologica. JSTOR. p. 89. doi:10.2307/25605753. Retrieved 14 October 2023. He also stood on a small raised platform painted red, green and gold, putting him slightly above the militia men and women standing in for mation on the field. Not only was Strachan's stature literally raised, he was as sociated with the national flag/rasta colours. Since many members of the militia were youths who identified themselves with the Rastafarian movement, it was likely that the PRG was trying to associate the revolution with rasta ideology
^ "The Manifesto of the New Jewel Movement", The Grenada Revolution Online.